An effort investigated how internal pressure builds within thermal protection system (TPS) materials subjected to high-enthalpy environments, aiming to link gas evolution and microstructural interaction to degradation and failure modes like spallation. Complementary experimental approaches provided both chemical and mechanical insight into subsurface processes. In-depth pressure measurements from the Hypersonic

Bumblebee queens can survive fully submerged for up to a week and appear able to breathe while underwater. This ability helps them endure diapause, a six- to nine-month hibernation-like phase spent in shallow burrows that can become waterlogged by rain or snowmelt. The discovery began with a lab mishap at