Surah Al-Baqarah 2:185: A Quranic Exposition on the Revelation of the Qur'an, the Obligation of Fasting in Ramadan, and Divine Compassion

Ramadan is the month in which the Qur'an was revealed as a guidance for people and contains arguments that guide and differentiate (between right and wrong), so whoever finds this month, let him fast and He who is sick and a traveler should complete the amount on other days. Allah wants ease for you and does not want to put you in hardship, and He wants you to complete the amount. Express gratitude, perhaps you will become grateful. Surah Baqarah verse 185 Fasting in the Hanafi and Shafi'i Schools of Thought According to the Hanafi and Shafi'i schools of thought, a person who is traveling or sick does not have to fast, but must make up the missed days later. Those who find it extremely difficult to fast must pay a فدية (ransom) for each day, which is the equivalent of feeding one poor person. The Name Ramadan The word Ramadan is derived from the Arabic word رمض, which means "severe heat." A hadith states that Ramadan was given this name because it burns away sins with the heat of faith. The نزول (Descent) of the Quran This verse states that the Quran was revealed in Ramadan. However, the Quran was actually revealed gradually over a period of 23 years. The most common explanation for this discrepancy is that the Quran was revealed to the Prophet's heart on the Night of Power (ليلة القدر). After that, he was commanded to wait for revelation regarding the specific rulings of the Quran. Therefore, the verse uses the word انزل (to descend) to refer to the one-time نزول of the Quran on the Night of Power, and the word نزلنا (We revealed) to refer to the gradual نزول of the Quran over 23 years. It is important to note that this distinction between انزل and نزل is just one theory, and not necessarily the correct one. وَلَا يُرِيدُ بِكُمُ الْعُسْرَ This is a general principle in that states that any act that involves hardship or difficulty is not part of God's will. Therefore, it is not obligatory. Conclusion The passage discusses the following topics: The rulings on fasting for travelers and sick people in the Hanafi and Shafi'i schools of thought The meaning of the name Ramadan The نزول of the Quran The principle of وَلَا يُرِيدُ بِكُمُ الْعُسْرَ