سورۃ التوبۃ قاری ناصر العصفور

At-Tawbah (Arabic: ٱلتوبة, at-Tawbah; meaning: The Repentance),[1] also known as Bara'ah (Arabic: براءة, Barāʾah; meaning: Repudiation),[2][3] is the ninth chapter (sūrah) of the Quran. It contains 129 verses (āyāt) and is one of the last Medinan surahs. This Surah is reported to have been revealed at the time of the Battle of Tabuk in Madinah in the 9th year of the Hijrah. The Sanaa manuscript preserves some verses, on parchment radiocarbon dated to between 578/44bh and 669/49ah.[4][5] It is the only Surah of the Quran that does not begin with Bismillah, the usual opening formula, In the name of Allah, the All-Merciful, the All-Compassionate. It deals with almost the same topics as those dealt with in Surat al-Anfal. In contrast to all other surahs, Muhammad did not order that this formula should be put at the beginning of this surah.Summary 1-2 Four months’ immunity proclaimed to idolaters 3-5 After four months, all idolaters to be slain, with exception of those with whom treaties have been made 5-6 Ignorant idolators to be taught the religion of Islam, after which, if they repent, they are to be spared alive 7 No new league to be made with idolaters 8-10 Idolators are not to be trusted 11 Penitent idolators to be regarded as brethren 13-16 Muslims exhorted to fight against the truce-breakers of Makkah 17-18 All but Muslims to be excluded from the sacred temples 19 Abbás rebuked for his vainglory 20-22 The Muhájjirín assigned the first rank among Muslims—their reward 23-24 True believers to refuse friendship with nearest kin if they be infidels 25-27 The victory of Hunain due to God's help 28 Idolators excluded from the Kaabah 29 The Jews and Christians as well as idolators to be attacked (if they refuse to pay the Jizya tax) 30 Jews and Christians reproved for applying the epithet “Son of God” to Ezra and Jesus 31-32 They also worship their priests and monks 33 Islam superior to all other religions 34-35 Stingy Muslims likened to covetous monks—their punishment 36 Infidels may be attacked in sacred months 37 The sacred months not to be transferred 38-39 Muslims exhorted to go on expedition to Tabúq by reference to God's help to Muhammad and Abu Bakr in the cave 40 This verse speaking about the help of Allah by sending the invisible army of war, particularly mentioning the battle of Badr.[7] According to Muhammad Sulaiman al-Ashqar from Islamic University of Madinah, who quoted several contemporary and classical scholars, the invisible army here were the Angels army consisted of Gabriel,[1][8] Michael, Raphael[9] [Notes 1][Notes 2] and thousands of best angels from third level of sky, all came to the battle of Badr by impersonating appearance of Zubayr ibn al-Awwam, companion of Muhammad.[Notes 3][14] are deemed as his other personal virtue and venerable status according to Islamic belief.[15][16][Notes 4][18][19] Meanwhile, Mahdi Rizqullah has compiled the commentary from classical Islamic scholars, that the verse narration about the angels attendance in the battle were also supported by hadiths from hadith collection from Muslim ibn Hajjaj, Ahmad ibn Hanbal, and the also from Quranic historiography work by Ibn Kathir.[20] Muhammad Nasiruddin al-Albani gave commentary of another supportive narration from al-Baihaqi and Ibn Ishaq, through various hadith narration chains about the testimony from several different sahabah.[20] This included the narration of Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib who at that time fought on the side of Qurayshite polytheist, who testified that he has been taken captive on the aftermath of the battle by a horse rider whom he did not recognize at all from Muslims rank. According to the hadith authority from Ahmad ibn Hanbal, The captor of Abbas were confirmed by Muhammad as one of the angel who helped the Muslims during this battle.[20][Notes 5] 41 Muslims exhorted to go on expedition to Tabúq by reference to God's help to Muhammad and Abu Bakr in the cave 42 The lukewarm Muslims rebuked for wishing to stay at home 43 Muhammad rebuked for excusing some of these from going 44-46 Willingness to fight for Muhammad, a test of faith 47-50 Seditious Muslims rebuked 51-52 The sure reward of the faithful 53-55 God refuses the offerings of infidels and hypocrites 55 The wealth and prosperity of infidels a sign of their reprobation 56-57 Half-hearted Muslims reproved 58-59 Those who had spread libellous reports regarding Muhammad's use of alms rebuked 60 How alms should be expended 61-69 Grumblers and hypocrites threatened 70 They are warned by the example of the wicked in former ages 71-73 The faithful described—their rewards 74-75 Hypocrites denounced and threatened 76-79 Prosperity of infidels a prelude to their destruction 80 God shall scoff at the scoffers 81 The defamers of the faithful shall never be forgiven 82-84 Punishment of the “stayers at home” 85 Muhammad forbidden to pray at the grave of unbelievers and hypocrites 86-88 The Prophet not to wonder at the prosperity of the wicked 89-90 Reward of those who assist the Apostle in his wars 91 Hypocritical Arabs of the desert reproved 92-93 Who may lawfully remain at home in time of war 94-97 Other hypocrites reproved 98-99 The Baduín, the worst of hypocrites 100 Some of them true believers 101 The reward of the Ansars and Muhájjirín 102 The desert Arabs and some of the people of Madína reproved 103-106 The penitent confessors in Madína are pardoned 107 Others await God's decision in their case 108-111 Denunciation against those who built a Masjid in opposition to Muhammad and his faithful ones 112-113 True believers are sold to God 114 Muslims not to pray for idolatrous relatives 115 Why Abraham prayed for his idolatrous parents 116-118 God merciful to the faithful 119 The three recreant Ansars pardoned 120-122 The people of Madína rebuked for want of loyalty to Muhammad 123 Some believers excused from going to war 124 True believers to war against neighbouring infidels and hypocrisy 125-128 Reproof of those who doubt the revelations of God and Muhammad 129-130 The Apostle trusts in the help of God [22] According to Zayd ibn Thabit, when the Qu'ran was first being compiled, he found the last verses of this Surah in the possession of Abu al-h al-Ansari and no one else.[23][24] In another account, Ubay ibn Ka'b informed Zayd that Muhammad taught him the end of this sūrah and recited the same verses.[25] Some, like Ibn Hazm, suggested that Abu Khuzayma was the only one to have the last verses in written form, as Zayd and others had memorized them.[25] In a continuum of Surah Al-Anfal, this Surah additionally manages the issues of harmony and war and puts together the subject with respect to the Tabuk Expedition.The Significant Issues, Divine Laws and pieces of Guidance incorporated in this surah are as follows Policy guidelines for Muslims pertaining the mushriks. Instructions to participate in Jihad. Guidelines about hypocrisy, feeble faith, and carelessness. Battle of Tabuk. Foundation of a Dar-ul-Islam (an Islamic state). Stretching out the impact of Islam to abutting nations. Pulverizing the underhandedness of the hypocrites. Setting up the Muslims for a battle in the reason for Islam.